How To Install MySQL on Ubuntu 18.04

A previous version of this tutorial was written by Hazel Virdó

Introduction

MySQL is an open-source database management system, commonly installed as part of the popular LAMP (Linux, Apache, MySQL, PHP/Python/Perl) stack. It uses a relational database and SQL (Structured Query Language) to manage its data.

The short version of the installation is simple: update your package index, install the mysql-server package, and then run the included security script.
sudo apt update
sudo apt install mysql-server
mysql_secure_installation

This tutorial will explain how to install MySQL version 5.7 on an Ubuntu 18.04 server. However, if you’re looking to update an existing MySQL installation to version 5.7, you can read this MySQL 5.7 update guide instead.

Prerequisites

To follow this tutorial, you will need:

One Ubuntu 18.04 server set up by following this initial server setup guide, including a sudo non-root user and a firewall.

Step 1 — Installing MySQL

On Ubuntu 18.04, only the latest version of MySQL is included in the APT package repository by default. At the time of writing, that’s MySQL 5.7

To install it, update the package index on your server and install the default package with apt:
sudo apt update
sudo apt install mysql-server

This will install MySQL, but will not prompt you to set a password or make any other configuration changes. Because this leaves your installation of MySQL insecure, we will address this next.

Step 2 — Configuring MySQL

For fresh installations, you’ll want to run the included security script. This changes some of the less secure default options for things like remote root logins and sample users. On older versions of MySQL, you needed to initialize the data directory manually as well, but this is done automatically now.

Run the security script:
sudo mysql_secure_installation

This will take you through a series of prompts where you can make some changes to your MySQL installation’s security options. The first prompt will ask whether you’d like to set up the Validate Password Plugin, which can be used to test the strength of your MySQL password. Regardless of your choice, the next prompt will be to set a password for the MySQL root user. Enter and then confirm a secure password of your choice.

From there, you can press Y and then ENTER to accept the defaults for all the subsequent questions. This will remove some anonymous users and the test database, disable remote root logins, and load these new rules so that MySQL immediately respects the changes you have made.

To initialize the MySQL data directory, you would use mysql_install_db for versions before 5.7.6, and mysqld –initialize for 5.7.6 and later. However, if you installed MySQL from the Debian distribution, as described in Step 1, the data directory was initialized automatically; you don’t have to do anything. If you try running the command anyway, you’ll see the following error:
Output2018-04-23T20:11:15.998193Z 0 [ERROR] –initialize specified but the data directory has files in it. Aborting.

Finally, let’s test the MySQL installation.

Step 3 — Testing MySQL

Regardless of how you installed it, MySQL should have started running automatically. To test this, check its status.
systemctl status mysql.service

You’ll see output similar to the following:
Output● mysql.service – MySQL Community Server
Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/mysql.service; enabled; vendor preset: en
Active: active (running) since Wed 2018-04-23 21:21:25 UTC; 30min ago
Main PID: 3754 (mysqld)
Tasks: 28
Memory: 142.3M
CPU: 1.994s
CGroup: /system.slice/mysql.service
└─۳۷۵۴ /usr/sbin/mysqld

If MySQL isn’t running, you can start it with sudo systemctl start mysql.

For an additional check, you can try connecting to the database using the mysqladmin tool, which is a client that lets you run administrative commands. For example, this command says to connect to MySQL as root (-u root), prompt for a password (-p), and return the version.
sudo mysqladmin -p -u root version

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owners.

Server version 5.7.21-1ubuntu1
Protocol version 10
Connection Localhost via UNIX socket
UNIX socket /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock
Uptime: 30 min 54 sec

Threads: 1 Questions: 12 Slow queries: 0 Opens: 115 Flush tables: 1 Open tables: 34 Queries per second avg: 0.006

This means MySQL is up and running.

Conclusion

You now have a basic MySQL setup installed on your server. Here are a few examples of next steps you can take:

Implement some additional security measures
Relocate the data directory
Manage your MySQL servers with SaltStack
Learn more about MySQL commands

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